"Speak Up!" Investigating U.S. professional sports teams' #BlackLivesMatter statements.

George Floyd's death caused by police brutality fueled a wave of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement both nationally and globally. Almost every professional sports team in the United States released a statement pertaining to racial inequality and social injustice. The current study investigated the content and word counts of the BLM statements posted on Twitter by all teams across the four major men's professional sports leagues: Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association (NBA), National Football League (NFL), and National Hockey League (NHL). Based on a series of text analyses, we found differences in both the content and word counts of statements put forth by each league. Notably, compared to teams in other leagues, NFL teams avoided negative sentiment words (e.g., by not using words like "racism") and utilized more action-oriented terms like "support", "listen", and "conversation" in their statements. Practical implications and future directions for research are discussed.

Social Activism's Possibility through Perspectives of Gloria Anzaldúa, Walter Benjamin and C. G. Jung.

This paper explores the vertices of Jung's, Anzaldúa's and Benjamin's distinct ontologies and the way in which they connect in the shared recognition that what has been estranged in human history is enigmatically lodged in the world's fabric today. Cultural distress, in other words, is the outcome of what has become repudiated in the self and the collective across time. From this perspective, the paper argues that we have a collective responsibility to listen to the claims of the dead laid bare in moments of contemporary real-world danger and it elaborates the psychical dimensions of being that are cultivated in times of danger. The author contends that these psychical presences are the dead of human history including our ancestral heritage that linger and possibly may penetrate our awareness. They haunt and hold a potential to animate our movement towards a sublimatory process that can be seen as a precursor to social responsiveness and action. The author explores this through her own experience with an example of the spawning of spiritual activism within the socio-political maelstrom of AIDS.

Cet article étudie les perspectives de Jung, d'Anzaldua et de Benjamin et leurs ontologies distinctes, ainsi que la manière dont elles sont connectées parce qu'elles partagent la prise de conscience que ce qui a été écarté de l'histoire humaine est mystérieusement niché dans la structure du monde d'aujourd'hui. En d'autres termes, la détresse culturelle est le produit de ce qui a été répudié et mis dans le soi et le collectif au fil du temps. De ce point de vue, l'article soutient que nous avons une responsabilité collective : écouter les requêtes des personnes mortes dans des périodes contemporaines de vrai danger pour le monde. L'article détaille les dimensions psychiques de l'être qui sont cultivées en période de danger. L'auteur soutient que ces présences psychiques sont les morts de l'histoire humaine. Cela inclut notre héritage ancestral, qui subsiste, et qui pourra peut-être pénétrer notre conscience. Ces présences psychiques hantent et contiennent le potentiel d'animer notre mouvement vers un processus de sublimation. Un tel processus peut être envisagé comme un précurseur à la réceptivité sociale et à l'action. L'auteur étudie ceci à travers sa propre expérience d'un exemple d'engendrement d'activisme spirituel dans le maelström socio-politique du sida.

El presente artículo explora los vértices de las distintas ontologías de Jung, Anzaldúa y Benjamin y la forma en que se conectan en el reconocimiento compartido de que lo que ha sido distanciado en la historia humana está enigmáticamente alojado en el tejido del mundo actual. En otras palabras, la angustia cultural es el resultado de lo que se ha repudiado en el yo y en el colectivo a lo largo del tiempo. Desde esta perspectiva, el artículo sostiene que tenemos la responsabilidad colectiva de escuchar las reivindicaciones de los muertos que quedan al descubierto en los momentos de peligro del mundo real contemporáneo y elabora las dimensiones psíquicas del ser que se cultivan en tiempos de peligro. La autora sostiene que estas presencias psíquicas son los muertos de la historia humana, incluida nuestra herencia ancestral, que perduran y posiblemente penetren en nuestra conciencia. Nos acechan y contienen el potencial de animar nuestro movimiento hacia un proceso sublimatorio que puede considerarse precursor de la respuesta y la acción sociales. La autora explora esto a través de su propia experiencia con un ejemplo del surgimiento del activismo espiritual dentro de la vorágine sociopolítica del SIDA.

The Experience of Self-Transcendence in Social Activists.

Every day the wellbeing of disadvantaged individuals and communities is being transformed through the activities of self-transcendent social activists. The positive contagion generated by their actions is felt globally through influence, replication, leadership training and education. These people are visionary, brave, and describe their lives as joyful, deeply fulfilled, and impactful. Seeking no personal recognition or accolade, born from a deep feeling of connectedness and a vision of how life could be better, participants describe the factors that influenced their decision to dedicate their lives to serving the greater good. Using Constructivist Grounded Theory, in-depth semi structured interviews were carried out with eight participants who self-identified as self-transcendent social activists, who have initiated non-mandated and not-for-profit community action. Data was analyzed to explore each participant's personal experiences of self-transcendence and how being self-transcendent has manifested their life choices. The findings present a definition of 'self-transcendent social activism' and a theoretical model that explains the development of participants' activism: trigger, activate, maintain and sustain, resulting in an impact experienced at three levels - individual, community and global. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the transnationalization of LGBT* activism in Japan and beyond.

The global Covid-19 pandemic has strongly impacted social practices, relocating communications and social networks into the digital space. Contextualized in such impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, the local LGBT* activism in Japan achieved a special momentum: both the acceleration of the socio-spatial relocation of LGBT* activism to the digital space and the postponement of the Tokyo Olympics 2020 by 1 year enabled activists to mobilize people domestically and globally. The pandemic was not the actual cause or driver of the local LGBT* activism, yet it has been an important catalyst for the transnationalization of the local movement in Japan, pushing evidently the spatial boundaries to achieve broader public outreach but in turn also receiving stronger support from the global community through transnational networks. This study explores novel dynamics of spatiality and temporality of social transformations through the Covid-19-induced increase in global digital connectedness as well as transnationalization of local actions.

Perceptions of Mental Health and Exploring the Role of Social Activism Among African Americans Exposed to Media Coverage of Police Brutality and Protests.

This study explored the role of social activism in the association of exposure to media coverage of police brutality and protests with perceptions of mental health. Data for this study came from a sample of African Americans (N = 304) who responded to an online survey. Perceptions of mental health were assessed using a single item developed by the research team. Exposure to police brutality and protests was measured by asking how often they had seen or heard about African Americans being victims of police brutality and seen or heard about protests on television, social media, or other outlets. Participants were also asked about the extent to which these events caused them emotional distress. Social activism was assessed by asking participants if they had ever participated in political activities, such as calling their representative. Moderation and mediation analyses were conducted using linear regression. Moderation analyses showed that greater emotional distress from watching media coverage of police brutality and protests was associated with worse perceptions of mental health only when engagement in social activism was low. In contrast, mediation analyses indicated that greater frequency of and emotional distress from exposure to media coverage was indirectly associated with worse perceptions of mental health through increased engagement in social activism. Social activism may be an important method for coping with emotional distress from watching media coverage of police brutality and protests, but more research is needed to understand how African Americans might engage in social activism without adversely impacting mental health.

Psychobiographical trends: Untold stories and international voices in the context of social change.

OBJECTIVE: This article describes the increase of publications in the area of psychobiography, thereby analysing the trends in the articles published in the special issue on psychobiography and social agency and activism. It further highlights the specific approaches taken by autobiographers who write psychobiographical accounts of extraordinary individuals and "everyday heroes" in their attempt of creating social impact in specific socio-cultural groups, societies or even on a global level. METHOD: This is a conceptional article which comments on the trends presented in this special issue. RESULTS: This article presents a discussion of the special issue and its impact. CONCLUSIONS: New trends in psychobiography are discussed and show the way forward for psychobiography.

Reivindicative occupational practices of activist with disabilities / Práticas ocupacionais reivindicativas de ativistas com deficiência

Abstract Introduction The occupational praxis of activists with disabilities in the Latin America has presented actions of revindication from historically marginalised territories. Objective To explore and describe strategies used by Chilean activist with disabilities. Method Qualitative design via three research techniques: a) 11 in-depth interviews; b) six group chat sessions; c) content analysis of eight social networks belonging to collectives of activists with disabilities in Chile. Results Activists indicate various occupations for revindication as subjects with rights. These trajectories are exemplified with the following dimensions: 1) Interpellate full social participation: demanding justice and citizenship; 2) Showing defective bodies: public mobilisations; 3) Occupying institutional space by placing: bodies in the system. Conclusion Dissident occupational practices intervene and transform the limited comprehension about what human vulnerability and fragility is capable of. This situation is mainly appreciated in the Global South.

Resumo Introdução A práxis ocupacional de ativistas com deficiência na América Latina tem apresentado ações de reivindicação de territórios historicamente marginalizados. Objetivo Explorar e descrever as estratégias utilizadas por ativistas chilenos com deficiência. Método Desenho qualitativo por meio de três técnicas de pesquisa: a) 11 entrevistas em profundidade; b) seis sessões de chat em grupo; c) análise de conteúdo de oito redes sociais pertencentes a coletivos de ativistas com deficiência no Chile. Resultados Os ativistas indicam diversas ocupações para reivindicação como sujeitos de direitos. Essas trajetórias são exemplificadas com as seguintes dimensões: 1) Interpelar a participação social plena: reivindicar justiça e cidadania; 2) Mostrar corpos defeituosos: mobilizações públicas; 3) Ocupar o espaço institucional colocando: os corpos no sistema. Conclusão Práticas ocupacionais dissidentes intervêm e transformam a compreensão limitada sobre do que é capaz a vulnerabilidade e fragilidade humana. Esta situação é apreciada principalmente no Sul Global.

Society and the State in Russia and the World during the Coronavirus Epidemic.

This article is based on a report presented at the Scientific Session of the RAS General Meeting (Moscow, December 15, 2021). The reaction of society to the pandemic in Russia and other countries of the world is analyzed from an anthropological point of view. The features of the behavior and psychological reaction of residents of different regions, professional groups, and ethnocultural communities are considered with account for gender, age, and cultural characteristics (collectivism‒individualism, looseness‒tightness, power distance). Particular attention is paid to phobias and social activity during the pandemic; the growing role of nation-states in overcoming the consequences of the pandemic is discussed. The results presented can be used as an additional source of information for taking effective measures finally to overcome the pandemic and, most importantly, its negative social and political consequences.

Aggression in the Digital Era: Assessing the Validity of the Cyber Motivations for Aggression and Deviance Scale.

Empirical studies of adult cyber-aggression are sparse, partly due to a lack of validated assessments. We evaluated a new measure, the Cyber Motivations for Aggression and Deviance (Cyber-MAD) scale, designed to assess the motivations of adult cyber-aggression. Psychometric properties and factor structure were examined across three adult samples who regularly used the internet and reported a history of cyber-aggression. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the motivations for cyber-aggression indicated an eight-factor model best fit the data, with separable factors emerging for cyber-aggression motivated by a desire to affiliate with others (Social Bonding), advance or defend political/social issues (Social Activism), act on angry feelings (Reactive Aggression), cope with relationship stress (Interpersonal Distress), satisfy impulsive urges (Impulsivity), adopt a new online persona (Virtual Dissociation), experience excitement (Thrill-Seeking), and seek revenge (Vengeance). Overall, the Cyber-MAD scale showed good internal consistency, structural stability across samples, and construct validity, supporting its initial validation.

Ensaios clínicos, movimentos sociais e bioativismos: notas para uma (outra) genealogia do sistema brasileiro de ética em pesquisa / Clinical trials, social movements and bioactivism: notes for a(nother) genealogy of the Brazilian research ethics system

Resumo Parte significativa da literatura sobre a gênese das instituições brasileiras voltadas à regulamentação ética de práticas de pesquisa científica envolvendo seres humanos costuma remontar a eventos internacionais, a exemplo dos ocorridos durante e após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, como disparadores de uma consciência ética global da qual o Brasil teria tomado parte. A partir de revisão de literatura e recurso de abordagem genealógica, investiga-se como certos eventos ocorridos no nosso país, como a atuação de movimentos sociais frente aos ensaios clínicos com Norplant, nos anos 1980, e com antirretrovirais (ARV), nos anos 1990, são fundamentais para a compreensão de distintos momentos de institucionalização da ética em pesquisa no Brasil e suas respectivas orientações políticas. Com base na reconstrução desses episódios, argumenta-se que os conteúdos particulares das agendas públicas sobre as práticas científicas biomédicas se ancoraram em contextos específicos de contestação, cujas demandas políticas foram agenciadas em termos notadamente éticos. A configuração histórica da ética em pesquisa no Brasil conjuga sujeitos, fatores e lutas políticas que lhe conferem um caráter dinâmico, cuja compreensão demanda levar em conta a atuação de movimentos sociais com relação à regulamentação dos ensaios clínicos.

Abstract A significant part of the literature on the genesis of the Brazilian institutions devoted to the ethical regulation of scientific research involving human beings usually recalls international events, such as those that occurred during and after the II World War, as triggers of a global ethical conscience of which Brazil would have taken part. Based on review of literature, and a genealogical approach, this assay investigates how certain events that occurred in Brazil, such as the actions of social movements in face of clinical trials with Norplant in the 1980s and with antiretrovirals in the 1990s, are fundamental for understanding the different moments of institutionalization of research ethics in Brazil, and its political orientations. Based on the reconstruction of these episodes, it is argued that particular contents of public agendas on biomedical scientific practices were anchored in specific contexts of contestation led by social movements, whose political demands were described in notably ethical terms. The historical configuration of research ethics in Brazil gathers subjects, factors, and political struggles that provide it with a dynamic character. Understanding this context demands considering the actions of social movements aimed at the regulation of clinical trials.

Memória das políticas e práticas em redução de danos: entrevista com Fátima Machado / Memory of policies and practices in harm reduction: an interview with Fatima Machado

Resumo A entrevista aborda a trajetória das políticas e práticas de redução de danos no Brasil por meio do depoimento da redutora de danos Fátima Machado. A perspectiva de redução de danos surgiu na Europa, na década de 1980, e no Brasil iniciou em 1989, como estratégia de prevenção à aids entre usuários de drogas injetáveis, e depois se diversificou e ampliou. A entrevista focaliza os anos iniciais de desenvolvimento dessas práticas inovadoras e problematiza seus desdobramentos atuais. Fátima Machado foi uma das precursoras no trabalho de campo e ativismo da redução de danos no Brasil e uma das fundadoras da Associação Brasileira de Redutores de Danos.

Abstract This interview addresses the trajectory of harm reduction policies and practices in Brazil, in the words of harm reducer Fatima Machado. Harm reduction emerged in the 1980s in Europe, it began in Brazil in 1989 as a strategy to prevent aids among injection drug users, and then diversified and expanded. This interview focuses on the early years of developing these innovative practices and questions their current developments. Fatima Machado was one of the precursors working in the field and in activism for harm reduction in Brazil, and one of the founders of the Brazilian Association of Harm Reducers.

[Typology of elderly women by the nature of interaction with housing and communal services.]

The article proposes a social typology of elderly Russian women who are forced to adapt to the requirements of the housing and communal services sector, overflowing with problems and conflicts. The typology is based on a combination of the parameters of the adequacy of the reflection by the elderly of the problem situation surrounding them in the housing and communal services and the severity of their activity. The following types are identified: socially adequate and active (in defending personal and collective interests); socially adequate, but passive - a group of elderly people who understand well the level and quality of housing and communal services provided to them, but do nothing; socially inadequate, but active, charged with conflict with managers of the housing and communal sphere; socially inadequate and passive. Active and adequate activists with free time and the necessary competencies who are ready to represent the interests of all residents of an apartment building are singled out from among the elderly. This type of activist is trying to enter into a strategy of equal partnership with managers of the housing and communal services sector, but is faced with an unfriendly or indifferent environment, a formal bureaucratic approach of state regulatory organizations. The theoretical and methodological framework of the study was the consideration of old age as a period of disclosure, the manifestation of new opportunities in self-realization, manifested primarily in solving everyday problems.

The Impacts of Conservation and Militarization on Indigenous Peoples : A Southern African San Perspective.

There has been a long-standing debate about the roles of San in the militaries of southern Africa and the prevalence of violence among the Ju/'hoansi and other San people. The evolutionary anthropology and social anthropological debates over the contexts in which violence and warfare occurs among hunters and gatherers are considered, as is the "tribal zone theory" of warfare between states and indigenous people. This paper assesses the issues that arise from these discussions, drawing on data from San in Angola, Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe. Utilizing cases of how San have been affected by military forces and wildlife conservation agencies in what became protected areas in southern Africa, this article shows that indigenous peoples have been treated differentially by state and nongovernmental organizations involved in anti-poaching, shoot-to-kill, and forced resettlement policies. Particular emphasis is placed on the !Xun and Khwe San of southern Angola and northern Namibia and the Tshwa San of western Zimbabwe and northern Botswana, who have been impacted by militarization and coercive conservation efforts since the late nineteenth century. Principal conclusions are that conservation and militarization efforts have led to a reduction in land and resources available to indigenous people, higher levels of poverty, increased socioeconomic stratification, and lower levels of physical well-being. San have responded to these trends by engaging in social activism, forming community-based institutions, and pursuing legal actions aimed at obtaining human rights and equitable treatment.

What determines compliance with cleaner production? An appraisal of the tanning industry in Sialkot, Pakistan.

Leather tanneries which produce significant amounts of solid waste, effluents, and emissions are a major contributor to industrial waste. A cleaner production program was launched by the government of Pakistan to implement the cleaner production measures for tanneries of Sialkot from 1999 to 2005. The main objective of this study is to identify the impact of a cleaner production program, along with other determinants of a cleaner production in the leather industry. The study analyses firm-level primary data collected from leather tanneries in Sialkot. The primary data were collected from tanneries in Sialkot. The econometric analysis is conducted using the Poisson regression analysis. Overall results show that there is no significant impact of cleaner production in 2015, while the panel data results indicate that the effect of cleaner production support by CPC on cleaner production practices diminished once the support came to an end. The other main factor is firm size, which indicates the financial position of the firm; international and regulator pressures are major determinants of the adoption of cleaner production measures. The analysis also indicates that there is higher probability of large firms adopting a cleaner production in comparison with small ones. Export orientation of firms is another important determinant of cleaner production. The enforcement of the environment compliance laws also has positive effect. The compliance with cleaner production measures is quite low, at 6.4 out of 19 cleaner production practice measures. There is a need to adopt measures that are environmentally friendly and are favorable towards both labor health and product quality, which are important for the sustainable growth of the tanning industry.

Social Movements Against Racist Police Brutality and Department of Justice Intervention in Prince George's County, Maryland.

Racist police brutality has been systemic in Prince George's County, Maryland. The victims include African Americans, the mentally challenged, and immigrant populations, creating a complex and uneven public health impact. Three threads characterize the social movements and intervention since 1970. First, a significant demographic shift occurred as African Americans became the majority population in the late 1980s when the first Black county executive was elected in 1994. Despite the change in political leadership, police brutality remained rampant. Lower-income households located close to the District of Columbia and "inside the beltway" experienced the most police brutality. In 2001, The Washington Post revealed that between 1990 and 2000, Prince George's police shot and killed more citizens per officer than any of the 50 largest city and county law enforcement agencies in the country, 84 % of whom were black. Of the 147 persons shot during the 1990s, 12 were mentally and/or emotionally disturbed; 6 of these shootings were fatal. Second, resistance to police brutality emerged in a variety of political formations throughout the period, especially in the late 1990s. Sustained community pressure prompted the Department of Justice (DOJ) to open a civil rights investigation of the police department in November 2000. To avoid a potential federal lawsuit, the county leadership negotiated a memorandum of agreement (MOA) with the DOJ to enact policy reforms, part of which called for supplementing the departmental mobile crisis team, comprised of mental health care professionals, to respond to all cases involving mentally challenged citizens. Third, the incomplete process of change subsequent to the ending of DOJ oversight suggests a continued challenge to social movements opposing police brutality. This study focuses on the effectiveness of the MOA along with the activism of the People's Coalition for Police Accountability (PCPA) in reforming a culture of police brutality. The intensive oversight by the DOJ, combined with engaged resident activism, reduced the incidences of police brutality during the period 2004-2013. Since the termination of DOJ oversight, disturbing developments suggest the need for continued and sustained activism. Since 2010, county police officers have fatally shot 21 people, several in questionable circumstances. At the same time, the Prince George's Police Department has received more tactical military weaponry than any other jurisdiction in the state of Maryland under the 1033 program of the National Defense Authorization Act.

Processos de formação e produção de conhecimento: cinco olhares sobre a Educação Popular e Saúde / Education processes and knowledge production: five perspectives on Popular Education and Health / Procesos de formación y producción de conocimiento: cinco miradas sobre la Educación Popular en Salud

Neste suplemento da Interface, trazemos cinco entrevistados com histórias de origem e trajetos diferentes, mas cuja práxis se construiu e se constrói em torno dos princípios da Educação Popular e Saúde. São eles: Selvino Heck, atual assessor especial da Secretaria Geral da Presidência da República, diretor do Departamento de Educação Popular e Mobilização da Secretaria Nacional de Articulação Social da Secretaria Geral e secretário executivo da Comissão Nacional de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica; Regina Helena Simões Barbosa, professora e pesquisadora do Instituto de Estudos de Saúde Coletiva da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Ivanilde Batista, servidora da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Goiás, fundadora e militante da Aneps-GO; Paulette Cavalcanti, professora e pesquisadora da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz em Pernambuco; e Julio Alberto Wong Un, professor e pesquisador do Instituto de Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal Fluminense.

For this issue of Interface, we interviewed five professionals whose origins and life histories are different, but whose praxis has been constructed around the principles of Popular Education and Health. These individuals are: Selvino Heck, Special Assessor of the General Secretary of the Presidency of Brazil, Director of the Popular Education and Activism Department of the National Secretariat of Social Articulation, and Executive Secretary of the National Agro-ecology and Organic Production Committee; Regina Helena Simões Barbosa, professor and researcher at the Public Health Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Ivanilde Batista, Staff member of the Health Department of the State of Goiás, founder and militant of ANEPS-GO; Paulette Cavalcanti, professor and researcher at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Pernambuco; and Julio Alberto Wong Un, professor and researcher at the Public Health Institute of the Fluminense Federal University.

En esta edición, presentamos a cinco entrevistados con historias de origen y trayectos diferentes y praxis gira alrededor de los principios de la Educación Popular en Salud. Son: Selvino Heck, actual asesor especial de la Secretaría General de la Presidencia de la República, director del Departamento de Educación Popular y Movilización de la Secretaría Nacional de Articulación de la Secretaría General y secretario ejecutivo de la Comisión Nacional de Agroecología y Producción Orgánica; Regina Helena Simões Barbosa, profesora e investigadora del Instituto de Estudios de Salud Colectiva de la Universidad del Estado de Río de Janeiro; Ivanilde Batista, funcionaria de la Secretaría de Estado de Salud de Goiás, fundadora y militante de Aneps-GO; Paulette Cavalcanti, profesora e investigadora de la Fundación Oswaldo Cruz en Pernambuco; y Julio Alberto Wong Un, profesor e investigador del Instituto de Salud Colectiva de la Universidad Federal Fluminense.